Fundamental rights full details

 Fundamental rights full details

 Fundamental rights are basic human rights that are recognized and protected by law. They are considered essential to maintaining a free and just society, and are enshrined in various international and national legal frameworks. Here are some details about fundamental rights:

 1. What are fundamental rights?

 . Fundamental rights are a set of legal and moral entitlements that are granted to every individual by virtue of their humanity. They are considered essential to the development and dignity of the individual and are meant to protect them from abuse or infringement by the state or others.

 2. Types of fundamental rights:

 . The different types of fundamental rights can be classified into six categories:

 . Civil rights, which include freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, and the right to a fair trial and equality before the law.

 . Political rights, which include the right to vote, participate in government, and form political parties.

 . Economic rights, which include the right to work, to own property, and to form and join trade unions.

 . Social rights, which include the right to education, healthcare, and social security.

 . Cultural rights, which include the right to practice one's culture, religion, and language.

 . Environmental rights, which include the right to a clean and healthy environment.

 3. Legal frameworks for fundamental rights:

 Fundamental rights are enshrined in various legal frameworks at the international, regional, and national levels. Some of the most important legal frameworks for fundamental rights include:

 . Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): A non-binding international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 that sets out the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms to which all people are entitled.

 . International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR): A binding international treaty adopted by the United Nations in 1966 that sets out the civil and political rights to which all individuals are entitled, including the right to life, freedom of expression, and freedom of religion.

 . International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR): A binding international treaty adopted by the United Nations in 1966 that sets out the economic, social, and cultural rights to which all individuals are entitled, including the right to education, healthcare, and social security.

 . European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR): A binding regional treaty adopted by the Council of Europe in 1950 that sets out the civil and political rights to which individuals in Europe are entitled.

 . Constitution of India: A national legal framework that sets out the fundamental rights to which all individuals in India are entitled, including the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.

 4. Limitations on fundamental rights:

 . Fundamental rights are not absolute and can be limited in certain circumstances. Some of the limitations on fundamental rights include:

 . National security: Fundamental rights can be limited if necessary to protect national security or public order.

 . Public health: Fundamental rights can be limited if necessary to protect public health or prevent the spread of disease.

 . Morality: Fundamental rights can be limited if necessary to protect public morality or the rights of others.

 . Intellectual property: Fundamental rights can be limited in order to protect intellectual property rights.

 5. Protection and enforcement of fundamental rights:

 Fundamental rights are only effective if they can be protected and enforced. Some of the mechanisms for protecting and enforcing fundamental rights include:

 . Courts: Individuals can take legal action to enforce their fundamental rights through the courts.

 . Human rights commissions: Some countries have established human rights commissions or ombudspersons to investigate complaints of human rights violations.

 . Non-governmental organizations: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can play an important role in advocating for and protecting human rights.